#1185 · Complex Numbers · Arithmetic of ℂ

Power of Imaginary Unit

Find the value of $(- - 1)^{4 n + 3}$ , when $n$ is a positive integer.

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H. S. Hall & S. R. Knight, Higher Algebra (1891) · Ch. VIII. Surds and Imaginary Quantities, Examples VIII.b, No. 11

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Checked against the answer in H. S. Hall & S. R. Knight, Higher Algebra (1891).